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走出不信任與對抗情緒的詭局(8)

——從國民感情和軟硬實(shí)力轉(zhuǎn)化看中日關(guān)系

核心提示: 自中華人民共和國成立以來,中日關(guān)系從感情和軟硬實(shí)力互動(dòng)出發(fā),可分為三個(gè)階段,每個(gè)階段體現(xiàn)了不同特點(diǎn)。近年來中日關(guān)系的惡化和國民感情的遇冷,根本因素是兩國硬實(shí)力在相對短時(shí)期內(nèi)的轉(zhuǎn)化。而從今后的趨勢看,隨著兩國硬實(shí)力差距的進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,雙方國民感情的低走將呈現(xiàn)長期化的特點(diǎn)。然而,這并不意味著兩國政府可以對此置之不理。恰恰相反,如果中日雙方能夠拿出勇氣和智慧,走出“高層政治”對抗的死胡同,會加快厘清雙方在轉(zhuǎn)變中的國際關(guān)系的新定位。

注釋

【1】JoshuaKurlantzick, Charm Offensive: How China's Soft Power IsTransforming the World, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007.

【2】西方國際關(guān)系學(xué)界對經(jīng)典現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的討論,數(shù)量繁多。新作請見Kenneth Thompson and David Clinton, Politics Among Nations, New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2005. 另見Thomas Schelling, The Strategy aof Conflict, Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press, 1980; and Kenneth Waltz, Theory ofInternational Relations, Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 2010.  

【3】《以史為鑒 面向未來——新中國對抗日戰(zhàn)爭的認(rèn)識與中日邦交正常化》,北京師范大學(xué)新聞網(wǎng),http://news.bnu.edu.cn/ztxw/beatjapan2005/24685.htm。

【4】《論日本與中國恢復(fù)關(guān)系正常化》,《人民日報(bào)》,1954年12月30日。

【5】《毛澤東與中日友好關(guān)系》,http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhongguoxiandaishi/special/jiaokeshuzhiwai1/,2012年9月28日載于鳳凰網(wǎng)歷史專輯。

【6】中曽根康弘、伊藤隆三郎:《天地有情:五十年の戦後政治を語る》,東京:文藝春秋, 1996年,第280頁。

【7】加藤紘一:《アジアの世紀(jì)の日中関係》,松村光夫,高草木光一編:《東アジア:日本が問われている》,東京:巖波書店,2007年,第57頁。

【8】George WashingtonUniversity, "Remarks by the Honorable Minoru Kusuda, Former ChiefSecretary to Prime Minister Eisaku Sato" in National Security Archive ,http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/japan/kusuda.htm.

【9】Allen S. Whiting, China Eyes Japan, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press,1989.

【10】蔣立峰:《中日聯(lián)合進(jìn)行的輿論調(diào)查》,《日本問題》,1989年第2卷,http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-REED198902003.htm。

【11】Ezra Vogel, Japan as No. 1: Lessons for America, Hapercollins College Div.,1985.

【12】《なにがデタントのために必要か》,《読売新聞》, 1983年1月1日。

【13】于山:《平靜面對日元貸款“畢業(yè)”那一天》,人民網(wǎng)·人民時(shí)評,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/guandian/1033/2391910.html。

【14】-【17】~中共中央檔案局:《鄧小平年譜:1975—1997》,北京:中央文獻(xiàn)出版社,2004年,第407、411、1191~1193、1175頁。

【18】田中均、田原総一朗:《國家と外交》,講談社, 2005年,第164頁。

【19】矢吹晉:《日中誤解は迷惑に始まる:國交正?;常爸苣昵耙工涡】肌?,http://www.21ccs.jp/china_quarterly/China_Quarterly_01.html。

【20】具體數(shù)據(jù)論述,詳見本人書籍 Japan and China as Charm Rivals: SoftPower in Regional Diplomacy, Ann Arbor, MI: University of MichiganPress, 2012, pp. 42-50.

【21】有關(guān)課題的近期研究成果,請見Zheng Wang, Never Forget National Humiliation: Historical Memory in ChinesePolitics and Foreign Relations, New York: Columbia University Press, 2014.

【22】Jing Sun, Japan and China as Charm Rivals, p. 42.

【23】屠珍:《周恩來與梅蘭芳二三事》,《人物》,2008年3月,http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2008-03-19/141615181247.shtml。

【24】付穎:《中日芭蕾外交重現(xiàn)》,《世界新聞報(bào)》,2008年3月5日,http://www.ce.cn/culture/history/200803/05/t20080305_14734495.shtml。

Keeping Away from Distrust and Hostility

—Viewing Sino-Japanese Relations in terms of National Sentiment and the Soft and Hard Power

Sun Jing

Abstract: Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Sino-Japanese relations can be divided into three stages according to interaction of people's feelings and soft and hard power, with each stage having different characteristics. In recent years, the Sino-Japanese relations have deteriorated and people's feelings in the two countries cooled, the main reason is the switch of their position in terms of hard power in a relatively short time. Looking into the future, with the further widening of the gap between their hard power, the national sentiment in both China and Japan will be low for long. However, this does not mean that the two governments can ignore it. On the contrary, if the two sides can have courage and wisdom, get out of the dead end of "top-level" political hostility, it will help quickly clarify their new position in the changing international relations.

Keywords: national sentiment, soft power, hard power, Sino-Japanese relations, militarism

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