要搞好城市化科學(xué)規(guī)劃，制定城市化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)共生和城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展。要遵循城市化階段性、周期性和區(qū)域差異性規(guī)律，根據(jù)我國(guó)的區(qū)域差異以及各地城市化的發(fā)展階段和水平，深入實(shí)地調(diào)研，制定城市化科學(xué)規(guī)劃，提出區(qū)域城市化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。國(guó)家發(fā)改委制定國(guó)家城市化規(guī)劃，應(yīng)立足全國(guó)，主要體現(xiàn)原則性和指導(dǎo)性。各個(gè)地方制定城市化規(guī)劃，一定要立足本地區(qū)情，主要體現(xiàn)區(qū)域性、差異性和具體可操作性。要區(qū)別城市規(guī)劃與城市化規(guī)劃，二者雖只有一字之差，但理論和方法卻有很大差異。城市化規(guī)劃更要以人為本，更具綜合性和復(fù)雜性。可目前卻幾乎都在像做城市規(guī)劃一樣做城市化規(guī)劃，其結(jié)果總是差“一口氣”。甚至不少地方本末倒置，竟像以GDP為目標(biāo)制定經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃一樣用城市化率為目標(biāo)制定城市化規(guī)劃。在制定地區(qū)城市化規(guī)劃時(shí)，一定要根據(jù)城市化理論和本地區(qū)實(shí)際，參考國(guó)家關(guān)于城市化總體推進(jìn)思路及相關(guān)制度安排的頂層設(shè)計(jì)，以城鄉(xiāng)融合、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展為基本原則和目的，把有利和可能實(shí)現(xiàn)二者融合的城市與農(nóng)村地區(qū)作為同一規(guī)劃地區(qū)，使被規(guī)劃為同一規(guī)劃地區(qū)的城市和農(nóng)村能相互交流，相互扶持，形成一個(gè)城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展綜合體（如城市圈）。在這個(gè)城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展綜合體中，農(nóng)村要向城市提供農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和生態(tài)支持，城市要反哺農(nóng)村、把帶動(dòng)農(nóng)村發(fā)展作為自己的責(zé)任；農(nóng)村和城市在相互交流、相互扶持中，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)共生和“一體化”發(fā)展的城市化目標(biāo)。

（本文系復(fù)旦大學(xué)“985 工程”三期整體推進(jìn)社會(huì)科學(xué)研究項(xiàng)目“我國(guó)城市化中后期發(fā)展若干重大問(wèn)題研究”的中期成果，項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)號(hào): 2011SHKXZD010）

參考文獻(xiàn)

李克強(qiáng)，2012，《協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化是實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的重大戰(zhàn)略選擇》，《中國(guó)行政管理》，第11期。

王桂新，1997，《中國(guó)人口分布與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展》，上海：華東師范大學(xué)出版社，第251頁(yè)。

王桂新，2012，《城市化發(fā)展幾個(gè)問(wèn)題的思考》，《人口研究》，第2期。

汪丁丁，2012，《尋租中國(guó)》，百度文庫(kù)，2月22日。

Northam, R.M.,1979, Urban Geography. New York; John Wiley&Sons, pp.5-66.

Bourne, L.S.,1996, "Reurbanization, uneven urban development, and the debate on new urban forms", Urban Geography, vol.17, pp.690-713.

注釋

①粗略地說(shuō)，從英國(guó)工業(yè)革命開(kāi)始計(jì)算，城市化有數(shù)百年的歷史，若從城市形成開(kāi)始算起則已有數(shù)千年的歷史。

②我國(guó)多稱(chēng)為“新型城鎮(zhèn)化”。因?yàn)槌擎?zhèn)化與城市化本是同一概念，二者之間并無(wú)本質(zhì)差別，故本文對(duì)二者不加以區(qū)分，并仍統(tǒng)稱(chēng)城市化。

③當(dāng)然這只是一個(gè)方面的原因。

The General Law Governing Urban and Rural Integration and the Dilemma Facing Its Development in China

—Six Main Problems in China's Urbanization and Suggestions

for Its Healthy Development

Wang Guixin

Abstract: After more than thirty years of reform and opening up, important progress has been made in China's urbanization. But due to lack of understanding of the basic theories of and laws governing urbanization, many serious problems have appeared. Now in the crucial period of comprehensive social and economic transformation and urbanization, we must do the following well to promote the healthy development of urbanization, we need to: 1) learn from the experience of developed countries and promote the development of urbanization according to market principles and the laws governing it; 2) actively pursue a comprehensive reform of the political and economic system; 3) take overall control measures, and gradually bring about an orderly and coordinated development of urbanization of population and land, industrialization and agricultural modernization; 4) strengthen rural infrastructure construction, improve the development capability of the rural areas, and prevent the income gap between urban and rural areas from widening; 5) formulate development strategy and make scientific planning for urbanization, and achieve rural and urban symbiosis and the integration of urban and rural development.

Keywords: urbanization of population, urbanization of land, market principles, rural-urban integration, household registration system

王桂新，復(fù)旦大學(xué)人口研究所所長(zhǎng)、教授、博導(dǎo)，社會(huì)發(fā)展與公共政策學(xué)院學(xué)術(shù)委員會(huì)副主任。研究方向?yàn)槿丝谶w移與城市化、勞動(dòng)就業(yè)與社會(huì)保障、城市與區(qū)域分析等。主要著作有《中國(guó)人口分布與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展》、《遷移與發(fā)展——中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)的實(shí)證》、《區(qū)域人口預(yù)測(cè)方法及應(yīng)用》等。